部署与运维
Database
By default, n8n uses SQLite. n8n also supports PostgreSQL. n8n deprecated support for MySQL and MariaDB in v1.0.
This page outlines environment variables to configure your chosen database for your self-hosted n8n instance.
| Variable | Type | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| <code>DB\_TYPE</code> | |||
| /<code>\_FILE</code> | Enum string: | ||
| <code>sqlite</code>, <code>postgresdb</code> | sqlite |
The database to use. | |
DB_TABLE_PREFIX |
\* | - | Prefix to use for table names. |
DB_PING_INTERVAL_SECONDS |
Number | 2 |
How often, in seconds, n8n pings the database to check that the connection is still alive. |
DB_PING_TIMEOUT_MS |
Number | 5000 |
How long, in milliseconds, n8n waits for a single ping to respond before counting it as a failure. Falls back to the deprecated N8N_DB_PING_TIMEOUT if that's set. |
DB_PING_MAX_FAILURES_BEFORE_RECOVERY |
Number | 3 |
How many pings in a row must fail before n8n treats the connection as lost and starts recovery. |
DB_RECOVERY_BACKOFF_MIN_MS |
Number | 1000 |
How long, in milliseconds, n8n waits before its first recovery attempt. Each retry waits longer (exponential backoff). |
DB_RECOVERY_BACKOFF_MAX_MS |
Number | 30000 |
The longest, in milliseconds, n8n waits between recovery attempts. This caps the backoff. Must be greater than or equal to DB_RECOVERY_BACKOFF_MIN_MS. |
DB_CONNECTION_ACQUISITION_TIMEOUT_MS |
Number | 30000 |
How long, in milliseconds, a query waits while recovery is in progress before failing fast with an error. Set to 0 to wait indefinitely. Applies to PostgreSQL only. |
PostgreSQL
| Variable | Type | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| <code>DB\_POSTGRESDB\_DATABASE</code> | |||
| /<code>\_FILE</code> | String | n8n |
The name of the PostgreSQL database. |
| <code>DB\_POSTGRESDB\_HOST</code> | |||
| /<code>\_FILE</code> | String | localhost |
The PostgreSQL host. |
| <code>DB\_POSTGRESDB\_PORT</code> | |||
| /<code>\_FILE</code> | Number | 5432 |
The PostgreSQL port. |
| <code>DB\_POSTGRESDB\_USER</code> | |||
| /<code>\_FILE</code> | String | postgres |
The PostgreSQL user. |
| <code>DB\_POSTGRESDB\_PASSWORD</code> | |||
| /<code>\_FILE</code> | String | - | The PostgreSQL password. |
| <code>DB\_POSTGRESDB\_POOL\_SIZE</code> | |||
| /<code>\_FILE</code> | Number | 2 |
Control how many parallel open Postgres connections n8n should have. Increasing it may help with resource utilization, but too many connections may degrade performance. |
| <code>DB\_POSTGRESDB\_CONNECTION\_TIMEOUT</code> | |||
| /<code>\_FILE</code> | Number | 20000 |
Postgres connection timeout (ms). |
| <code>DB\_POSTGRESDB\_IDLE\_CONNECTION\_TIMEOUT</code> | |||
| /<code>\_FILE</code> | Number | 30000 |
Amount of time before an idle connection is eligible for eviction for being idle. |
| <code>DB\_POSTGRESDB\_MAX\_CONNECTION\_LIFETIME\_MS</code> | |||
| /<code>\_FILE</code> | Number | 3600000 |
How long, in milliseconds, n8n keeps a pooled connection before recycling it. Recycling old connections helps avoid stale connections that the database or network dropped without n8n noticing. The default is one hour. Set to 0 to disable recycling. |
| <code>DB\_POSTGRESDB\_KEEP\_ALIVE</code> | |||
| /<code>\_FILE</code> | Boolean | true |
Whether to enable TCP keep-alive on connections. Keep-alive lets n8n notice a dead connection without having to run a query first. |
| <code>DB\_POSTGRESDB\_KEEP\_ALIVE\_INITIAL\_DELAY\_MS</code> | |||
| /<code>\_FILE</code> | Number | 10000 |
How long, in milliseconds, n8n waits before sending the first TCP keep-alive probe on a connection. |
| <code>DB\_POSTGRESDB\_SCHEMA</code> | |||
| /<code>\_FILE</code> | String | public |
The PostgreSQL schema. |
| <code>DB\_POSTGRESDB\_SSL\_ENABLED</code> | |||
| /<code>\_FILE</code> | Boolean | false |
Whether to enable SSL. Automatically enabled if DB_POSTGRESDB_SSL_CA, DB_POSTGRESDB_SSL_CERT or DB_POSTGRESDB_SSL_KEY is set to a non-empty value, or if DB_POSTGRESDB_SSL_REJECT_UNAUTHORIZED is set to false. |
| <code>DB\_POSTGRESDB\_SSL\_CA</code> | |||
| /<code>\_FILE</code> | String | - | The PostgreSQL SSL certificate authority. |
| <code>DB\_POSTGRESDB\_SSL\_CERT</code> | |||
| /<code>\_FILE</code> | String | - | The PostgreSQL SSL certificate. |
| <code>DB\_POSTGRESDB\_SSL\_KEY</code> | |||
| /<code>\_FILE</code> | String | - | The PostgreSQL SSL key. |
| <code>DB\_POSTGRESDB\_SSL\_REJECT\_UNAUTHORIZED</code> | |||
| /<code>\_FILE</code> | Boolean | true |
If n8n should reject unauthorized SSL connections (true) or not (false). |
SQLite
| Variable | Type | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
DB_SQLITE_POOL_SIZE |
Number | 0 |
Controls whether to open the SQLite file in WAL mode or rollback journal mode. Uses rollback journal mode when set to zero. When greater than zero, uses WAL mode with the value determining the number of parallel SQL read connections to configure. WAL mode is much more performant and reliable than the rollback journal mode. |
DB_SQLITE_VACUUM_ON_STARTUP |
Boolean | false |
Runs VACUUM operation on startup to rebuild the database. Reduces file size and optimizes indexes. This is a long running blocking operation and increases start-up time. |
How database connection recovery works
n8n keeps checking that it can still reach your database. If the connection drops, for example after a database restart or a network blip, n8n can repair it on its own instead of staying broken until you restart n8n.
Here's the cycle the variables on this page control:
- Every
DB_PING_INTERVAL_SECONDS, n8n sends a ping. Each ping hasDB_PING_TIMEOUT_MSto respond. - Once
DB_PING_MAX_FAILURES_BEFORE_RECOVERYpings fail in a row, n8n treats the connection as lost. - n8n then rebuilds the connection, retrying with a growing wait between attempts that starts at
DB_RECOVERY_BACKOFF_MIN_MSand never exceedsDB_RECOVERY_BACKOFF_MAX_MS. - On PostgreSQL, while recovery is in progress, any new query waits up to
DB_CONNECTION_ACQUISITION_TIMEOUT_MSfor the connection to come back, then fails with an error rather than hanging.
官方原文和授权
本页来自 N8N 英文官方网站固定快照，并转换成 xueai 静态页面。内容以 N8N 持续更新的官方页面为准。